Come into
the light of things, Let Nature be your teacher.
-William
Wordsworth (1904)
Our current society has become increasingly alienated from our primal roots in the natural
world. We can see the repercussions of this fact on many fronts, from climate
change and environmental degradation, to species extinction and the exponential
growth in food allergies and autoimmune diseases in humans. In our children we
have seen a dramatic rise in autism spectrum disorders and ADD/ADHD. The list
goes on.
Many people, justifiably so, trace the
roots of these changes back to our separation from nature in one way or
another. As an acupuncturist I saw this everyday with my patients. Many, if not
all, of the major health-related issues we’re dealing with in the world today,
stem from this alienation from nature. This separation is expressed in many
ways. It might be an issue with poor digestion or weight gain due to eating an
unnatural diet. It could be an issue with aches, pains, and poor strength and
mobility due to a lack of natural movement. It might be a stress related
illness due to a lack of proper posture, unnatural breathing patterns, or the
loss of our natural coping mechanisms for dealing with stress. The ways in
which we find ourselves removed from the natural living patterns of our species
are numerous. As a healthcare professional a good part of my approach to
patient care was geared toward encouraging a re-alignment with a healthier, more
natural lifestyle.
The aim of this book (Tao of Sustainability) is to offer some
pathways toward reconnecting with nature, the primal matrix from which we all
have evolved. There are two main reasons for this; for the health and wellness
of each of us as individuals, and for the health and well-being of the planet
as a whole. Of course this very separation between humans and the rest of the
planet is at the root of our problem.
We do not realize that we are a part of nature
till we begin to think about it. Our lives proceed as if we were two—humanity
and nature—two great antagonistic or contrary facts, but the two are one: there
is only nature.
— John Burroughs (1921)
We must
encourage a change in consciousness, a shift in perception in which we no
longer make this distinction. But until we do, it may be useful to encourage
people to reconnect with nature for their own health and well-being as a
starting point.
Dao of Nature
Condensed
into a single phrase, the injunction of Lao Tzu to mankind is, ‘Follow Nature.’
—Lionel
Giles (1914)
As many people even in the Western world know
by now, the Chinese word Dao (Tao) means “the Way,” as in the way of the universe
or the way of nature in its grandest sense, but it can also be used to refer to
a way of doing something or the way of practicing something. For example a
phrase like “following the dao of the buddhas” is not uncommon in Chinese
Buddhist texts. As a general term, Dao is used widely in ancient Chinese
philosophical and religious traditions. Most people associate its use with Daoism and of course, the Daode jing
(Tao-te-ching) attributed to Laozi
(Lao-tzu), Daoism’s most famous text, but it was also used in Confucian and
Chinese Buddhist writings as well (see
Mitchell 1992; Feng 1972; Mair 1990).
In the following pages, I draw on
Chinese philosophical thought and the tradition of Chinese medicine. I also
gain inspiration from the realms of taijiquan (tai chi) and qigong, as well as
other movement disciplines from Asia and beyond. As the bulk of the
philosophical inspiration for this book comes from Daoism and other traditions
in tune with Dao, it provides the overarching framework. Just as ideas of Dao
jumped the borders of China long ago and influenced other cultures in Asia and
increasingly the rest of the world, I touch on useful ideas from many periods
and places, from ancient Stoic philosophers to modern scientists. At the present
time, it is easy to see how ideas can spread virally, as we can watch it happen
in real time. In the age of the internet, things happen literally overnight. In
the past, ideas spread in similar ways, but they might have taken years or
decades to effect cultural change instead of days and weeks.
Dao refers to the way of nature or the
natural course of things. This is most often thought of spiritually, as most
people in our modern world seem to have difficulty thinking beyond the mind-body
split. But in reality, and as recognized in some traditions, there is no mind-body
split. They are connected. In reality is there even a split between ourselves
and nature, or do we just choose to think so?
A human being is a part of the whole called by
us universe, a part limited in time and space. He experiences himself, his
thoughts and feeling as something separated from the rest, a kind of optical
delusion of his consciousness. This delusion is a kind of prison for us,
restricting us to our personal desires and to affection for a few persons
nearest to us.
Our
task must be to free ourselves from this prison by widening our circle of
compassion to embrace all living creatures and the whole of nature in its
beauty.
— Albert Einstein
Many of the
meditations, awareness exercises, and movement practices suggested in this book
aim at reconnecting us to nature, but they also serve to reinforce our sense of
mind-body connection. Ultimately I hope that, after reading this book and
putting it to use, you experience a new level of connection beyond just mind-body
to mind-body-nature and realize your identity as part of the universe.
One
would think that as our scientific knowledge has progressed that our
understanding of nature has changed. While this is true to an extent, it is
also true that the simple, straight forward advice of Taoist sages, ancient
Chinese physicians, and Stoic thinkers to “follow the natural course of things”
has not really been changed by our refined understanding. The basic premise
still stands. We do best as individuals, as societies, and as a world
community, when we seek to follow nature, our source and our ultimate
destination. As Zhuangzi says, “Life comes from the earth and returns to the
earth”(see Feng 1974; Mair 1998).
There have of course been other
naturalistic or back-to-nature movements throughout history, which encouraged
us to follow nature. One of the most recent is the Paleo or Primal movement.
The Paleo diet falls within this as well. Paleo is often equated simply with a
diet fad inspired by what our hunter gatherer ancestors ate, and for many
people that is all it is. But some take that same inspiration and apply it more
broadly to their entire lifestyle.
In many ways this is not so different
than what the early Taoists were doing. Many of the early Taoists, especially
those who left us texts, were scholars and intellectuals who retired from the
various royal courts of the Warring states period. They left their city lives
behind to learn from nature in the wilderness. Often they encountered more
primal cultures which still lived in tune with nature, from whom they learned
as well (see Girardot 1988; LaChapelle 1992).
We can see this reflected in the story
“Peach Blossom Spring” by Tao Qian (365-427 CE). This work relates the tale of
a fisherman who stumbles upon a sort of utopian village in a hidden valley
where the residents are so in tune with nature that all their needs are met
without needing any contact with the outside world. This story was so
influential that it has been retold or alluded to by later poets and writers in
China ever since (see Davis 2009 ; Ko 2005).
Other modern movements besides Paleo also
seek to do this, under different names, such as Ancestral Health or
Evolutionary Health. Critics of these movements, especially of Paleo, often oversimplify
their methods and stereotype their advocates. Still they are actualized in the
modern world in a wide variety of ways.
For example, there is a Primitive
Skills movement which seeks to learn about the forgotten skills of our
ancestors. Many of these are basic survival skills which could be useful to
anyone should they find themselves stranded in the wild or the victim of a
natural disaster. Many of these skills also offer us more sustainable, less
energy intensive ways of meeting our needs.
Rewilding is another way of framing the
idea that we have lost our connection with nature. We have become domesticated
and therefore we need to get back in touch with our wild selves. As Erwan Le
Corre, founder of MovNat says, we have become “zoo humans.” Just as we have
come to realize the importance of providing captive animals with natural
habitats to reflect their ecological niche so they can flourish, we are
realizing more and more that humans too need exposure to our natural habitat to
flourish.
Michael Cohen, an innovator in the
field of Ecopsychology, calls this separation from nature “Bewilderment”,
defined as “to detrimentally be separated from wilderness.”(Cohen 2003) Often
changing our language allows us to reframe things and helps us think about life
in new ways.
In an essay on rewilding our language,
Frank Forencich has proposed replacing the word “wellness” with “wildness.”
This makes quite a bit of sense if we think about the fact that what is best
for us as a species, and every other species on the planet for that matter, is
what we are best adapted to, our wild environment. As a species we are
extremely successful due to our adaptability. We have been able to adapt to
live under practically any conditions on earth. We have even figured out how to
live in space for brief periods of time, but does that mean that we can, or
should, disregard the environment of the earth?
Astronauts serve as a good example. It
is true that they can live in space for short periods of time, but what we see
with astronauts is that living so far removed from the basic conditions they
are adapted to, especially the gravity of the earth, plays havoc with their
biology. Our bodies have evolved to operate under the earth‘s gravitational
pull and when that is removed we suffer. The ill-effects range from short term
effects like vision changes and loss of proprioception (awareness of our body’s
position in space), to bone and muscle loss and weakness. So far the longest
anyone has spent in space is 438 days. In many ways what happens to astronauts
is like an accelerated version of what happens to all of us if we remain
disconnected from nature.
In our wildest dreams we might want to
somehow magically turn everyone into rewilded eco-warriors, defending the earth
and living idyllic, low-tech lives like indigenous tribes still do in many
parts of the world, but is this even a realistic goal? It would be more
realistic to encourage a shift in consciousness, to encourage everyone to think
about the impacts of their decisions on future generations, as the Constitution of the Iroquois Nations: The
Great Binding Law states,
Look and listen for the welfare of the whole
people and have always in view not only the present but also the coming
generations, even those whose faces are yet beneath the surface of the ground,
the unborn of the future nation.
The truth
is, we are all very different and are coming from different places, both
figuratively and literally. In our attempts to shift the consciousness of
entire societies toward more healthy, natural patterns we have to realize that
we must also shift the consciousness of individuals. Doing that requires
meeting people where they are and giving them options and ideas which seem
realistic and doable in their own lives. Baby steps, if you will. At the heart
of all these ideas however is changing our relationship with nature, for as
Amos Clifford says,
All of our efforts to become an environmentally
sustainable species must be rooted in a deep relationship with nature. Without
this relationship, all our efforts toward sustainability will be subtly flawed
in ways which will eventually be our undoing. (2013)
Realizing that people have different
personalities and varied interests does not make the task of reconnecting
people with the earth harder, it actually gives us more options. Trying to make
everyone fit one mold
is an exercise in futility. Acknowledging our differences allows us to see many
possibilities for moving our collective consciousness in a more positive
direction ecologically speaking. It gives us tools to bring people back into a
closer relationship with the earth through a variety of means.
Some people seek a closer relationship
with nature by realigning their diet and lifestyle with more natural patterns.
Others are more interested in exercise, so they may take up barefoot running or
natural movement practices. Some people are particularly upset by the
environmental degradation and species extinction we are seeing around the
world, so they may focus on activism. Some people find that nature inspires a
sense of awe and feelings of spiritual connectedness in them, so they turn to nature-based
spirituality and religion, or they may simply reinterpret the faiths in which
they were raised in a way which places a greater emphasis on caring for nature.
We saw this happen with Pope Francis’ Encyclical on the
environment. There are many paths to our goal of reconnecting humans with nature. Many of these different threads come together especially powerful ways in practices like Shinrinyoku (Forest bathing), Nature Therapy, and Natural Mindfulness walks.
In The
Nature Principle, Richard Louv asks, “What could our lives be like if our
days and nights were as immersed in nature as they are today in technology?”
(2011) I hope the following pages offer some paths to explore, so that together
we can answer this question, for ourselves and for future generations.
(Adapted from: Tao of Sustainability, 2016, Three Pines Press)